SODIUM

Symbol --- Na

Abundance --- 28300 ppm (total abundance), 22700 ppm in the earth’s crust. Sodium is fifth most abundant metal (after Al, Fe, Ca and Mg).

Physical state (STP)--- solid

Elemental category --- alkali metal

Colour --- silvery white metallic

Discovery --- Humphry Davy

Atomic no --- 11

Atomic weight --- 22.989

Period --- 3

Group --- 1 or IA

Block --- s block

Known isotopes --- ₁₁Na¹⁸, ₁₁Na¹⁹, ₁₁Na²⁰, ₁₁Na²¹, ₁₁Na²², ₁₁Na²³, ₁₁Na²⁴, ₁₁Na²⁵, ₁₁Na²⁶, ₁₁Na²⁷, ₁₁Na²⁸, ₁₁Na²⁹, ₁₁Na³⁰, ₁₁Na³¹, ₁₁Na³², ₁₁Na³³, ₁₁Na³⁴, ₁₁Na³⁵

Main isotope --- ₁₁Na²³

Isotopic abundance --- ₁₁Na²³ (100%)

Melting Point --- 97.8 ⁰C (370.95 K)

Boiling Point --- 883 ⁰C (1156.15 K)

Critical Temperature --- 2573 K

Critical Pressure --- 35 MPa

Heat of Fusion --- 2.6 KJ/mol

Heat of Vaporisation --- 97.3 KJ/mol

Molar heat capacity --- 28.25 J/(mol-K)

Density --- 0.97 g/cm³

Molar volume --- 0.000023

Electron configuration --- [Ne] 3s¹

Electrons per shell --- 2 (1 st shell), 8 (2 nd shell), 1 (3 rd shell)

Oxidation state --- +1

Valance --- 1

Electronegativity --- 0.93 (Pauling scale)

Electron affinity --- 52.5 KJ/mol

Ionisation energy --- 495.7 KJ/mol (1 st), 4563 KJ/mol (2 nd), 6910 KJ/mol (3 rd), 9542 KJ/mol (4 th)

Covalent radius --- 166 pm

Atomic radius --- 186 pm

Van der Waals radius --- 227 pm

Ionic radius (octahedral) --- 102 pm

Hydrated radii --- 276 pm

E⁰ for [Na⁺(aq) + e = Na(s)] --- – 2.71

Natural occurrence --- primordial

Crystal structure --- body centered cubic (bcc)

Specific heat --- 1230 J/(Kg K) (solid phase)

Thermal expansion --- 71 μm/(m-K)

Thermal conductivity --- 142 W/(m-K)

Electrical resistivity --- 47.5 nΩ-m

Speed of sound --- 3200 m/s (at 20 ⁰C)

Magnetic type --- paramagnetic

Mass magnetic susceptibility --- 8.79 x 10^-9 m³/Kg

Molar magnetic susceptibility --- 1.9 x 10^-10 m³/mol

Volume magnetic susceptibility --- 8.5 x 10^-6

Mohs hardness --- 0.5

Brinell hardness --- 0.68 MPa

Young’s modulus --- 10 Gpa

Shear modulus --- 3.3 GPa

Bulk modulus --- 6.3 GPa 

Lattice angles --- π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice constants --- 428.9 pm, 428.9 pm, 428.9 pm

Quantum numbers --- ²S_1/2

Neutron cross section --- 5.3 x 10^-1

Neutron mass absorption --- 7 x 10^-4