FLUORINE

Symbol --- F

Abundance --- 0.065% in the earth’s crust

Allotropes --- alpha, beta

Physical state (STP) --- gas

Colour --- solid [alpha(opaque), beta(transparent)], liquid [bright yellow], gas [pale yellow]

Discovery --- A M Ampere

Atomic no --- 9

Atomic weight --- 18.998

Period --- 2

Group --- 17 or VIIA

Block --- p block

Known isotopes --- ₉F¹⁴, ₉F¹⁵, ₉F¹⁶, ₉F¹⁷, ₉F¹⁸, ₉F¹⁹, ₉F²⁰, ₉F²¹, ₉F²², ₉F²³, ₉F²⁴, ₉F²⁵, ₉F²⁶, ₉F²⁷, ₉F²⁸, ₉F²⁹, ₉F³⁰

Main isotope --- ₉F¹⁹

Isotopic abundance --- ₉F¹⁹ (100%)

Melting Point --- - 219 ⁰C (54 K) (F₂)

Boiling Point --- - 188 ⁰C (85 K) (F₂)

Triple Point --- 54 K, 90 kPa

Critical Temperature --- 144 K

Critical Pressure --- 5.17 MPa

Heat of Fusion --- 0.26 KJ/mol

Heat of Vaporisation --- 6.51 KJ/mol

Molar heat capacity (21 ⁰C) --- C_P [31 J/(mol-K)], C_V [23 J/(mol-K)]

Density --- 1.69 g/L (at STP)

Molar volume --- 0.0112

Electron configuration --- [He] 2s² 2p⁵

Electrons per shell --- 2 (1 st shell), 7 (2 nd shell)

Oxidation state --- -1

Valance --- 1

Electronegativity --- 4.0 (Pauling scale)

Electron affinity --- - 333 KJ/mol

Ionisation energy --- 1680 KJ/mol (1 st), 3375 KJ/mol (2 nd), 6148 KJ/mol (3 rd), 8406 KJ/mol (4 th)

Dissociation enthalpy --- 159 KJ/mol [F₂(gas)]

Covalent radius --- 64 pm

Van der Waals radius --- 135 pm

Atomic radius --- 42 pm

Ionic radius (6 – coord) --- 133 pm

F―F distance --- 143 pm

Natural occurrence --- primordial

Crystal structure --- cubic

Specific heat --- 824 J/(Kg K) (gas)

Thermal conductivity --- 0.025 W/(m K)

E⁰ (V) --- 2.9 [1/2 F₂ + e <==> F^-(aq)]

Magnetic type --- diamagnetic

Lattice angles --- π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice constants --- 550 pm, 327 pm, 729 pm

Quantum numbers --- ²P_3/2

Neutron cross section --- 9.5 x 10^-3

Neutron mass absorption --- 2 x 10^-5

Refractive index --- 1.0001