NITROGEN

Symbol --- N

Abundance --- 0.002% in earth’s crust, 78% by volume and 75% by weight in air.

Allotropes --- dinitrogen (N≡N)

Physical state --- gas

Colour --- colourless gas

Discovery --- Daniel Rutherford

Atomic no --- 7

Atomic weight --- 14.007

Period --- 2

Group --- 15 or VA

Block --- p block

Known isotopes --- ₇N¹¹, ₇N¹², ₇N¹³, ₇N¹⁴, ₇N¹⁵, ₇N¹⁶, ₇N¹⁷, ₇N¹⁸, ₇N¹⁹, ₇N²⁰, ₇N²¹, ₇N²²

Main isotopes --- ₇N¹⁴, ₇N¹⁵

Isotopic abundance --- ₇N¹⁴ (99.58%), ₇N¹⁵ (0.34%)

Melting Point --- - 210 ⁰C (63 K)

Boiling Point --- - 196 ⁰C (77 K)

Triple Point --- 63 K, 12.5 kPa

Critical Temperature --- 126 K

Critical Pressure --- 3.38 MPa

Heat of Fusion --- 0.71 KJ/mol (dinitrogen)

Heat of Vaporisation --- 5.56 KJ/mol (dinitrogen)

ΔH⁰_{(atomization)} --- 473 KJ/mol

Molar heat capacity --- 29.12 J/(mol-K) (dinitrogen)

Density --- 1.25 g/L (at 0 ⁰C)

Molar volume --- 0.0111

Electron configuration --- [He] 2s² 2p³

Electrons per shell --- 2 (1 st shell), 5 (2 nd shell)

Oxidation state --- -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5

Valance --- 3

Electronegativity --- 3.04 (Pauling scale)

Electron affinity --- 7 KJ/mol

Ionisation energy --- 1403 KJ/mol (1 st), 2855 KJ/mol (2 nd), 4577 KJ/mol (3 rd), 7475.5 KJ/mol (4 th)

Covalent radius --- 71 pm

Van der Waals radius --- 155 pm

Atomic radius --- 56 pm

Natural occurrence --- primordial

Crystal structure --- hexagonal

Specific heat --- 1039 J/ (Kg K) (gas)

Thermal conductivity --- 0.025 W/ (m K)

Speed of sound --- 353 m/s (gas)

Magnetic type --- diamagnetic

Mass magnetic susceptibility --- -5.3 x 10^-9 m³/Kg

Molar magnetic susceptibility --- -1.5 x 10^-10 m³/mol

Volume magnetic susceptibility --- -6.7 x 10^-9

Lattice angles --- π/2, π/2, 2π/3

Lattice constants --- 385.9 pm, 385.9 pm, 626.3 pm

Quantum numbers --- ⁴S_3/2

Neutron cross section --- 1.9

Neutron mass absorption --- 4.8 x 10^-3

Refractive index --- 1.0002